La spesa pubblica italiana sui flussi migratori

The Italian public expenditure on immigration flows Abstract Being Italy a Country that has historically been affected by migration, and being the political environment particularly focused on migration inflows and outflows, it is interesting to stress the topic to truly understand how the real Italian and European economies are stimulated in this circumstance: this dissertation therefore targets the economic and financial consequences to the matter. The topic will be initially analysed demographically aiming at understanding the changes given by the migration flows: which populations are protagonists of the most recent migration crisis? Which Italian regions are involved the most? How do budgets of municipalities and regions cope with these events? How does the matter affect the other European Countries and how do they react to it? The thesis will develop analysing the financial and statistical data given by institutions such as the European Commission, the Ministero degli Interni, Istat and Eurostat. At the same time, the reasoning will evolve also around the main European and humanitarian laws and statutes that regulate the topic. The matter will be furtherly considered under its financial aspect, evaluating the costs sustained by Italy for the reception, integration, reallocation and eventual return of the single foreigner as well as the funds that the Country receives from the European Union to face the issue. In order to understand better the impact of migration the dissertation also considers the economic value of the migrant within the country concentrating on the productive capacity, depending on educational level and labour skill possession and the repercussions on the GDP. In conclusion, the dissertation aims at not only understanding the immediate costs and financing related to the issue but also at recognising the long-term benefits of the immigration, aspects often hidden by the initial complexity of the matter.