Partendo dalle misure di livelli massimi e minimi di marea registrati presso le stazioni mareografiche di Campo Santo Stefano e Punta della Salute (Venezia, Nord Italia) tra il 1872 ed il 2004, e dalle misure orarie relative al periodo 2005-2017, mi sono occupata di ricavare ed analizzare la serie del livello di marea a Venezia relativo a 146 anni, dal 1872 al 2017. Questa è la più lunga e completa serie storica di tutta l'area Veneziana ed una delle più lunghe di tutto il Mediterraneo. Essa ha permesso di stimare un aumento del livello del mare a Venezia di circa 35 cm, rispetto ai valori registrati alla fine del XIX secolo. Data la vulnerabilità di Venezia agli eventi di acqua alta, ovvero di allagamento della città, è stata ricavata ed analizzata mediante analisi a soglia la serie di massimi di marea con risoluzione giornaliera. Negli ultimi 150 anni si è osservato un aumento del numero di eventi di alta marea (+80 cm sul livello di riferimento Zero Mareografico di Punta della Salute, ZMPS) e di marea sostenuta (+110 cm sullo ZMPS). Si è passati, infatti, da una media di circa 4 eventi/anno (1872-1911) ad una media di circa 60 eventi/anno (1978-2017). Tale aumento è dovuto a cause sia naturali che antropogeniche. Le distribuzioni dei massimi durante gli ultimi 150 anni, caratterizzate da asimmetria positiva, si sono spostate verso valori medi più alti. È stato confermato che il maggior numero di eventi di acqua alta si registri a Novembre, seguito da Dicembre ed Ottobre, come conseguenza del notevole contributo meteorologico tipico della stagione autunnale. La serie Ottobre-Novembre-Dicembre (OND) è stata poi analizzata utilizzando metodi spettrali avanzati, cioè Continuous Wavelet Tranform (CWT) e Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). In particolare, le componenti statisticamente significative della serie, estratte ad alto livello di confidenza applicando il metodo SSA, sono il trend ed oscillazioni di periodo circa uguale a 50 y, 16 y e 3 y rispettivamente. Tali componenti contano per l'80% della varianza totale della serie. L'interesse nell'isolare la componente climatica (costituita dai contributi meteorologico ed eustatico) all'interno della serie OND, supportato dall'alta percentuale di varianza spiegata dal trend della serie, ha suggerito di investigare il ruolo della subsidenza ed i suoi effetti sul fenomeno di marea negli ultimi 150 anni. Rimuovendo tale contributo, il numero di eventi di alta marea e marea sostenuta si è ridotto rispettivamente del 66% e del 71%. Infine, utilizzando un modello autoregressivo, è stata eseguita una predizione preliminare del livello del mare nei prossimi 10 anni a Venezia. La bontà della predizione è stata verificata confrontando la stima ottenuta con la corrispondente predizione ricavata applicando reti neurali feed-forward. È prevista una tendenza alla diminuzione del livello medio del mare fino a circa il 2025, seguita da un aumento che dovrebbe riportare ai livelli attuali entro la fine del prossimo decennio.
Starting from the tidal maxima and minima measurements recorded in the Campo Santo Stefano and Punta della Salute}stations (Venice, Northern Italy) between 1872 and 2004, and the hourly tidal values related to the 2005-2017 period, I have derived and analyzed the historical series of Venetian tides covering 146 years, from 1872 to 2017. It is the longest and most complete historical series of the Venetian area and one of the longest records of the entire Mediterranean region. By comparing the mean sea level height at the end of the XIX century with its corresponding value over the last decades, an increase of about 35 cm has been found affecting Venice. Given the vulnerability of Venice to the high water events, namely the flooding of the city, the series of tidal maxima has been extrapolated with daily time resolution and then subjected to a threshold analysis. An increase of the number of high tides (+80 cm above the reference level Zero Mareografico di Punta della Salute, ZMPS) and very high tides (+110 cm above the ZMPS) has been noted over the last 150 years, from an average of about 4 events/year (1872-1911) to an average of about 60 events/year (1978-2017) (high tides). This increase is due to the superposition of natural and anthropogenic causes. Tidal maxima distributions, characterized by positive skewness, have been translated towards higher mean values during the last 150 years. The largest number of high water events has been confirmed occurring on November, followed by December and October, as a consequence of the strong meteorological autumn contribution. The October-November-December (OND) time series has been then analyzed by using advanced spectral methods, namely the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). In particular, the statistical significant components of the record, extracted at high confidence level by applying the SSA, are a trend and oscillations of period of about 50 y, 16 y and 3 y respectively, accounting for roughly 80% of the total variance of the series. The interest of isolating the climatic component in the OND series (related to both the eustatic and the meteorological contributions), supported by the high percentage of variance explained by the trend signal in the record, has suggested to investigate the role of land subsidence and its effects on Venetian tides during the last 150 years. By removing the subsidence contribution the number of high tides and very high tides per year has been reduced of 66% and 71% respectively. Finally, a preliminary prediction of the sea level height over the next 10 years in Venice has been performed by using autoregressive models. The result has been tested by the comparison with the forecasts performed by feed-forward neural networks. A tendency to degrowth is expected to take place until 2025, followed by an increase able to restore the mean sea level height to current values at the end of the next decade.
Studio di variabilità del fenomeno di marea nella Laguna di Venezia negli ultimi 150 anni
CATTANEO, CAROLA
2017/2018
Abstract
Starting from the tidal maxima and minima measurements recorded in the Campo Santo Stefano and Punta della Salute}stations (Venice, Northern Italy) between 1872 and 2004, and the hourly tidal values related to the 2005-2017 period, I have derived and analyzed the historical series of Venetian tides covering 146 years, from 1872 to 2017. It is the longest and most complete historical series of the Venetian area and one of the longest records of the entire Mediterranean region. By comparing the mean sea level height at the end of the XIX century with its corresponding value over the last decades, an increase of about 35 cm has been found affecting Venice. Given the vulnerability of Venice to the high water events, namely the flooding of the city, the series of tidal maxima has been extrapolated with daily time resolution and then subjected to a threshold analysis. An increase of the number of high tides (+80 cm above the reference level Zero Mareografico di Punta della Salute, ZMPS) and very high tides (+110 cm above the ZMPS) has been noted over the last 150 years, from an average of about 4 events/year (1872-1911) to an average of about 60 events/year (1978-2017) (high tides). This increase is due to the superposition of natural and anthropogenic causes. Tidal maxima distributions, characterized by positive skewness, have been translated towards higher mean values during the last 150 years. The largest number of high water events has been confirmed occurring on November, followed by December and October, as a consequence of the strong meteorological autumn contribution. The October-November-December (OND) time series has been then analyzed by using advanced spectral methods, namely the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). In particular, the statistical significant components of the record, extracted at high confidence level by applying the SSA, are a trend and oscillations of period of about 50 y, 16 y and 3 y respectively, accounting for roughly 80% of the total variance of the series. The interest of isolating the climatic component in the OND series (related to both the eustatic and the meteorological contributions), supported by the high percentage of variance explained by the trend signal in the record, has suggested to investigate the role of land subsidence and its effects on Venetian tides during the last 150 years. By removing the subsidence contribution the number of high tides and very high tides per year has been reduced of 66% and 71% respectively. Finally, a preliminary prediction of the sea level height over the next 10 years in Venice has been performed by using autoregressive models. The result has been tested by the comparison with the forecasts performed by feed-forward neural networks. A tendency to degrowth is expected to take place until 2025, followed by an increase able to restore the mean sea level height to current values at the end of the next decade.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
779347_tesi_magistrale_fisica_carola_cattaneo.pdf
non disponibili
Tipologia:
Altro materiale allegato
Dimensione
38.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
38.4 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/96843