L'Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) ¿Terre Lariane¿ è stata istituita con Decreto Ministeriale nel 2008, dopo la ripresa della viticoltura in un territorio in cui era stata, nel recente passato, prevalentemente abbandonata. Attualmente, la varietà di Vitis vinifera più diffusa in tale comparto viticolo è il Merlot, per via della sua elevata plasticità di adattamento, della sua resa quali-quantitativa e dell'apprezzamento che riscuote da parte dei consumatori. Nonostante le caratteristiche generali della varietà Merlot siano conosciute, non è noto l'impatto delle condizioni ambientali caratteristiche di tale territorio sulla maturazione dell'uva. Inoltre, è di interesse del Consorzio IGT la produzione di vini di qualità destinati al consumo in annata che esaltino le tipiche caratteristiche varietali della cultivar Merlot, tra cui le note di frutta rossa, e che risultino bilanciati in termini di astringenza ed amaro. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è di valutare la composizione del vino Merlot prodotto dall'uva raccolta in due vigneti (denominati Bornò e Fortezza) e seguendo due protocolli di vinificazione. Il protocollo di vinificazione sperimentale differiva dal protocollo di vinificazione tradizionale per l'aggiunta di una tipologia diversa di tannini enologici durante la macerazione. e per la rimozione dei vinaccioli durante la macerazione. Inoltre, le frazioni di vino ottenuto dalle diverse condizioni di pressatura sono state mantenute separate per la vinificazione sperimentale, mentre sono state unitamente raccolte nel protocollo di vinificazione tradizionale. Tutto ciò era finalizzato all'ottenimento di vini con una sensazione di astringenza meno intensa nel periodo di vendita, ovvero a partire da circa un anno dopo la vendemmia. I risultati hanno evidenziato differenze significative nel contenuto in flavonoidi ed antociani tra le uve provenienti dai due vigneti: alla vendemmia, la concentrazione di flavonoidi estraibili era di 1,83 e 3,02 g di catechina/kg di uva rispettivamente per il vigneto Bornò e per il vigneto Fortezza e il contenuto di antociani estraibili era di 0,66 e di 0,76 g di malvidina/kg di uva rispettivamente per il vigneto Bornò e per il vigneto Fortezza. Il protocollo di vinificazione sperimentale ha consentito una minore estrazione di flavonoidi solo per il vino ottenuto con l'uva Fortezza (2,99 g di catechina/L nel vino sperimentale contro i 3,72 g di catechina/L nel tradizionale). La determinazione della composizione delle proantocianidine sull'uva ha evidenziato differenze significative tra le uve provenienti dai due vigneti: l'uva Fortezza ha mostrato maggiori grado di polimerizzazione (mDP) e di percentuale di gallazione (%G). La prima sessione di analisi sensoriale non ha evidenziato differenze significative in termini di astringenza tra i vini ottenuti mediante differente protocollo, rimarcando invece le differenze tra i due vigneti in termini di astringenza, intensità olfattiva e persistenza, la cui percezione è più elevata nei vini Fortezza. Tali differenze sono risultate meno evidenti nella sessione sensoriale successiva. I risultati non hanno mostrato differenze sulla composizione del vino ottenuti dai due protocolli adottati. Dallo studio è emerso che la caratterizzazione territoriale delle uve e dei vini IGT Merlot Terre Lariane può consentire di perfezionare la procedura di vinificazione per la produzione di vini di qualità.
The Protected Geographical Indication named ¿Terre Lariane¿ was instituted in 2008 by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, After the reprise of viticultural activity in an area where it was abandoned since some decades. Currently, Merlot is the main Vitis vinifera variety in this area, due to its high agronomic adaptive capacity, its qualitative and quantitative yield, and the consumer satisfaction about it. In order to rationally improve the winemaking protocols for producing an experimental protocol was applied and compared to the traditional one. This work is aimed to evaluate the composition of Merlot wines resulted from grape harvested at two vineyards, (named Bornò and Fortezza) and made following two different protocols. The experimental winemaking protocol differenced from the traditional winemaking protocol for adding different kind of oenological tannins, during the fermentative maceration. The experimental protocol provides for the seed removal during maceration. Furthermore, the press wine fractions from different pressing condition were maintained separated in the experimental protocol; instead they were blended together in the traditional protocol. These new procedures had the purpose to obtain wines with a smoother astringency sensation in the young wine (about one year after the harvest). Results evidenced significative differences among the vineyards in both extractable flavonoid and anthocyanin content: the extractable flavonoids concentration were 1,83 g of catechin/kg of grape for Bornò vineyard versus 3,02 g of catechin/kg of grape for the Fortezza vineyard. The extractable anthocyanin content for the Bornò vineyard was 0,66 g of malvidin/kg of grape and for the Fortezza vineyard it was 0,76 g of malvidin/kg of grape. It was confirmed that the experimental wine from Fortezza grape had a lower content of flavonoid among the traditional wine for Fortezza grape (2,99 g of catechin/kg of grape versus 3,72 g of catechin/kg of grape). On the contrary, in the case of wine from Bornò grape, no significative difference was recorded concerning the flavonoid content as well as about anthocyanin extraction in wine. When the press wine fractions are considered a general rise of flavonoid content and a slightly drop of anthocyanin were recorded. The proanthocyanidin content showed significative differences between the grapes from the two vineyards concerning the medium degree of polymerization (mDP) (higher in the Fortezza grape seeds) and the percentage of galloylation (%G) (higher both in Fortezza grape seeds and skins). The same analysis on wine didn't show any significative difference in mDP and %G between the two protocols. However, the analysis showed a higher mDP in Fortezza wines than in Bornò ones. The first sensory analysis session didn't show any significative difference in astringency among the wines made by different protocols; but it was registered a difference in the sensory profile among the wines from different vineyard. The Fortezza wines showed stronger astringency, olfactory intensity, and persistence of aroma. These differences were slighter in the second session of sensory analysis. The results didn't fully achieved the goal of less astringent wines, likely due to the technical-practical conditions in the consortium's winery. From the data obtained in this study emerged that a territorial characterization may be a way to refine the winemaking procedure for the production of high quality Merlot wines.
Razionalizzazione delle tecniche di vinificazione per Merlot IGT Terre Lariane
MARELLI, DAVIDE
2016/2017
Abstract
The Protected Geographical Indication named ¿Terre Lariane¿ was instituted in 2008 by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, After the reprise of viticultural activity in an area where it was abandoned since some decades. Currently, Merlot is the main Vitis vinifera variety in this area, due to its high agronomic adaptive capacity, its qualitative and quantitative yield, and the consumer satisfaction about it. In order to rationally improve the winemaking protocols for producing an experimental protocol was applied and compared to the traditional one. This work is aimed to evaluate the composition of Merlot wines resulted from grape harvested at two vineyards, (named Bornò and Fortezza) and made following two different protocols. The experimental winemaking protocol differenced from the traditional winemaking protocol for adding different kind of oenological tannins, during the fermentative maceration. The experimental protocol provides for the seed removal during maceration. Furthermore, the press wine fractions from different pressing condition were maintained separated in the experimental protocol; instead they were blended together in the traditional protocol. These new procedures had the purpose to obtain wines with a smoother astringency sensation in the young wine (about one year after the harvest). Results evidenced significative differences among the vineyards in both extractable flavonoid and anthocyanin content: the extractable flavonoids concentration were 1,83 g of catechin/kg of grape for Bornò vineyard versus 3,02 g of catechin/kg of grape for the Fortezza vineyard. The extractable anthocyanin content for the Bornò vineyard was 0,66 g of malvidin/kg of grape and for the Fortezza vineyard it was 0,76 g of malvidin/kg of grape. It was confirmed that the experimental wine from Fortezza grape had a lower content of flavonoid among the traditional wine for Fortezza grape (2,99 g of catechin/kg of grape versus 3,72 g of catechin/kg of grape). On the contrary, in the case of wine from Bornò grape, no significative difference was recorded concerning the flavonoid content as well as about anthocyanin extraction in wine. When the press wine fractions are considered a general rise of flavonoid content and a slightly drop of anthocyanin were recorded. The proanthocyanidin content showed significative differences between the grapes from the two vineyards concerning the medium degree of polymerization (mDP) (higher in the Fortezza grape seeds) and the percentage of galloylation (%G) (higher both in Fortezza grape seeds and skins). The same analysis on wine didn't show any significative difference in mDP and %G between the two protocols. However, the analysis showed a higher mDP in Fortezza wines than in Bornò ones. The first sensory analysis session didn't show any significative difference in astringency among the wines made by different protocols; but it was registered a difference in the sensory profile among the wines from different vineyard. The Fortezza wines showed stronger astringency, olfactory intensity, and persistence of aroma. These differences were slighter in the second session of sensory analysis. The results didn't fully achieved the goal of less astringent wines, likely due to the technical-practical conditions in the consortium's winery. From the data obtained in this study emerged that a territorial characterization may be a way to refine the winemaking procedure for the production of high quality Merlot wines.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/96148