Oggi la scarsità d'acqua è uno dei principali problemi che affliggono sia i paesi avanzati che quelli in via di sviluppo. Per molte persone, la scarsità d'acqua è spesso correlata al cambiamento climatico che produce condizioni meteorologiche avverse e siccità che possono ridurre drasticamente le riserve di approvvigionamento idrico. Tuttavia, la scarsità d'acqua è anche causata in gran parte dalla crescita della popolazione. L'agricoltura moderna dipende quindi sia dai cambiamenti ambientali che dall'aumento della domanda demografica. La maggior parte delle persone sarà sorpresa di sapere che in realtà consumiamo più acqua nel cibo che mangiamo che nell'acqua che beviamo. L'agricoltura utilizza un'enorme quantità di acqua. Secondo il World Economic Forum, quasi il 90% dell'acqua di fiumi, laghi e falde acquifere viene utilizzata per l'agricoltura. Secondo (Markham, 2020), "una lattuga richiede quaranta bicchieri di acqua piovana e nove bicchieri di acqua di irrigazione per crescere". Ciò significa che ogni anno la sola agricoltura necessita di un'incredibile quantità di acqua. Questa tesi mira a descrivere come, in tempi di crisi di scarsità idrica, alcune pratiche di agricoltura indoor possono migliorare l'efficienza idrica e allo stesso tempo aumentare la resa della coltura. Attraverso l'uso dell'IA e del feedback, l'agricoltura verticale o indoor può applicare acqua alle piante solo quando strettamente necessario. Può anche migliorare la ritenzione idrica da parte degli impianti a causa di una condizione ambientale controllata da computer. L'agricoltura verticale è un processo che consente agli agricoltori di coltivare ortaggi in un clima controllato per tutto l'anno. Offre una varietà di tecniche e soluzioni per migliorare l'efficienza. Sembra che in un metro quadrato di spazio l'agricoltura indoor possa produrre 80 kg. di pomodori contro 4 kg prodotti in outdoor farming con il 92% di acqua in meno. La creazione artificiale di acqua insieme ad un ambiente chiuso rappresenta la soluzione perfetta in grado di fornire la giusta quantità di acqua e allo stesso tempo di controllare l'umidità e il clima. In particolare, questo paper analizzerà il caso delle Vertical Farm in un Paese come l'Italia, dove solo di recente è stata adottata la Vertical Farming. Contrariamente a nazioni come i Paesi Bassi, che da anni sono all'avanguardia nelle tecniche di serre, l'Italia è sempre stata un paese rinomato per i cibi e le verdure fresche e per il suo clima mite perfetto per coltivare alcuni tipi di colture attraverso l'agricoltura tradizionale. Tuttavia, a causa del cambiamento climatico, negli ultimi anni molti agricoltori italiani hanno subito perdite dovute a inondazioni e siccità. L'agricoltura verticale, nell'ambito del trend globale Agricoltura 4.0, è stata quindi considerata una soluzione a questo problema. Il paese ha accumulato molto rapidamente questa tecnologia dirompente e ad oggi è sede di una delle più grandi Vertical Farm d'Europa, Planet Farms nel Nord Italia e, allo stesso tempo, dell'unica fattoria di Aquaponics in Europa, il Circle , nel Lazio. Attraverso la loro collaborazione con ristoranti e supermercati locali, entrambe le fattorie stanno promuovendo l'agricoltura sostenibile e alimentando gustose verdure a foglia ai consumatori di tutto il paese. Concluderò l'articolo con i vantaggi e gli svantaggi dell'agricoltura verticale indoor come soluzione per la scarsità d'acqua e l'agricoltura sostenibile.
Today water scarcity is one of the main problems that affect both advanced countries and developing ones. For many people, water scarcity is often related to climate change which produces severe weather conditions and droughts that can dramatically reduce the reserves of water supply. However, water scarcity is also caused in large part by population growth. Modern agriculture is therefore dependent on both environmental changes and increased population demand. Most people will be surprised to know that we actually consume more water in the food we eat than in the water we drink. Agriculture utilizes an enormous amount of water. According to the World Economic Forum, close to 90 % of the water from rivers, lakes, and groundwater is used for farming. According to (Markham, 2020), “one lettuce requires forty glasses of rainwater and nine glasses of irrigation water to grow”. This means that an incredible amount of water is needed every year by agriculture alone. This thesis aims at describing how, in times of water scarcity crisis, some practices of Indoor farming can improve water efficiency and at the same time increase the crop’s yield. Through the use of AI and feedback, Vertical or Indoor Farming can apply water to the plants only when strictly necessary. It can also improve water retention by the plants due to a computer-controlled environment condition. Vertical Farming is a process that allows farmers to grow vegetables in a controlled climate for the whole year. It offers a variety of techniques and solutions to improve efficiency. It appears that in one square meter of space, indoor farming can produce 80 kg. of tomatoes versus 4 kg produced in outdoor farming with 92% less water. Artificial water creation together with a closed environment represents the perfect solution able to provide the right amount of water and control humidity and climate at the same time. In particular, this paper will analyze the case of Vertical Farms in a country like Italy, where only recently Vertical Farming has been adopted. Contrary to nations like the Netherlands, which for years have been at the forefront of greenhouses techniques, Italy has always been a country well known for fresh food and vegetables and for its mild climate perfect to grow certain types of crops through traditional agriculture. However, due to Climate change, in the past few years, many Italian farmers have experience losses due to floods and droughts. Vertical Farming, as part of the Agriculture 4.0 global trend, has therefore been considered a solution to this problem. The country has cached up very quickly with this disruptive technology and as of today, it is home to one of the biggest Vertical Farm in Europe, Planet Farms in Northern Italy and at the same time, of the only Aquaponics farm in Europe, the Circle, in the Lazio region. Through their partnership with local restaurants and supermarkets, both farms are promoting sustainable farming and feeding tasty leafy greens to consumers all over the country. I will conclude the paper with the advantages and disadvantages of Indoor Vertical Farming as the solution for water scarcity and sustainable agriculture and food production. According to many, Vertical Farming is going to be the next big thing in agriculture. The topic needs to be carefully evaluated in the imminent future by global policymakers and could open possibilities for further development and discussion as technology is rapidly improving.
"Crisi alimentare e idrica: la coltivazione verticale è una soluzione per uno sviluppo sostenibile dell'agricoltura? Fattorie verticali in Italia”
UGHI, CHANTAL
2021/2022
Abstract
Today water scarcity is one of the main problems that affect both advanced countries and developing ones. For many people, water scarcity is often related to climate change which produces severe weather conditions and droughts that can dramatically reduce the reserves of water supply. However, water scarcity is also caused in large part by population growth. Modern agriculture is therefore dependent on both environmental changes and increased population demand. Most people will be surprised to know that we actually consume more water in the food we eat than in the water we drink. Agriculture utilizes an enormous amount of water. According to the World Economic Forum, close to 90 % of the water from rivers, lakes, and groundwater is used for farming. According to (Markham, 2020), “one lettuce requires forty glasses of rainwater and nine glasses of irrigation water to grow”. This means that an incredible amount of water is needed every year by agriculture alone. This thesis aims at describing how, in times of water scarcity crisis, some practices of Indoor farming can improve water efficiency and at the same time increase the crop’s yield. Through the use of AI and feedback, Vertical or Indoor Farming can apply water to the plants only when strictly necessary. It can also improve water retention by the plants due to a computer-controlled environment condition. Vertical Farming is a process that allows farmers to grow vegetables in a controlled climate for the whole year. It offers a variety of techniques and solutions to improve efficiency. It appears that in one square meter of space, indoor farming can produce 80 kg. of tomatoes versus 4 kg produced in outdoor farming with 92% less water. Artificial water creation together with a closed environment represents the perfect solution able to provide the right amount of water and control humidity and climate at the same time. In particular, this paper will analyze the case of Vertical Farms in a country like Italy, where only recently Vertical Farming has been adopted. Contrary to nations like the Netherlands, which for years have been at the forefront of greenhouses techniques, Italy has always been a country well known for fresh food and vegetables and for its mild climate perfect to grow certain types of crops through traditional agriculture. However, due to Climate change, in the past few years, many Italian farmers have experience losses due to floods and droughts. Vertical Farming, as part of the Agriculture 4.0 global trend, has therefore been considered a solution to this problem. The country has cached up very quickly with this disruptive technology and as of today, it is home to one of the biggest Vertical Farm in Europe, Planet Farms in Northern Italy and at the same time, of the only Aquaponics farm in Europe, the Circle, in the Lazio region. Through their partnership with local restaurants and supermarkets, both farms are promoting sustainable farming and feeding tasty leafy greens to consumers all over the country. I will conclude the paper with the advantages and disadvantages of Indoor Vertical Farming as the solution for water scarcity and sustainable agriculture and food production. According to many, Vertical Farming is going to be the next big thing in agriculture. The topic needs to be carefully evaluated in the imminent future by global policymakers and could open possibilities for further development and discussion as technology is rapidly improving.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/78675