SINTESI Il Camerun ha un certo numero di superfici di erosione molto individualizzato. La zona costiera riguarda la regione di Douala. Si alza gradualmente verso l'interno e raggiunge un'altitudine di 300 ¿ 350 m . Esso è occupato da una foresta pluviale e dei suoli ferrallitici di colore dominante giallo pesantemente desaturato. La superficie interna occupa un'area considerevole nel Centro e nel Sud del paese, la sua altitudine è compresa tra 600 e 800 m. I suoli sono suoli lateritici moderatamente e altamente desaturati. Sono molto frequentemente rielaborato o indurita. Nel centro del paese, due altopiani piuttosto differenti occupano l'area dell'Adamaoua. Uno a 1000 ¿ 1200 m è occupato da terreni ferrallitici leggermente desaturato. Possiamo paragonarlo al altopiano del Bamoun all'Ovest e altopiano Kapsiki al Nord. L'altro al 1200 ¿ 1400 m indossa spesso un armatura Bauxite. A questo altopiano può essere paragonato quello del Bamileke all'Ovest. Al Nord dell'Adamaoua si estende la pianura della Bénoué che si abbassa di 550 fino 180 m a Garoua. In questa pianura, i terreni sono ferruginose tropicale, Idromorfi, halomorphici, o dei vertisols. Al Nord del altopiano Kapsiki, si estende il bacino del Ciad con dei terreni simili a quelli della Bénoué. Diverse spiegazioni sono state proposte accuratamente per spiegare questa successione di zone piane. La tettonica non sembra sufficiente, mentre i fenomeni di appiattimento da erosione riflettono meglio la situazione. Rispetto alle regioni limitrofe dell'Africa centrale e Occidentale, è stato proposto un test di cronologia, andando dal giurassico e cretaceo per i più anziani fino al quaternario più recente. Si è tentato di collegare, grandi caratteristiche della geomorfologia e della pedogenesi.
Summary Several erosion surfaces can be observed throughout eastern Cameroons. The coastal surface concerns the whereabouts of Douala. Its altitude varies slowly between sea level and 300 meters. The main characteristics of this zone are small steep hills, rain forest and ,yellow ferrallitic soils. The interior surface concerns the southern half of the country. The altitude is abaut 600 - 800 meters ; the soils are ferrallitic ; the dominating color is yellow in the south, red in the north. In the center of the country, two plateaus 1000 - 1200 m and 1300 - 1400 m high occupy the Adamaoua zone. The first is covered by red gravelly ferrallitic soils. The Bamoun and Kapsiki plateaus are considered to belong to this level. The second is covered by a bauxite crust in Central Adamaoua. The Bamileke plateau is thought to be related to this level. North of Adamaoua, a very steep scarp (700 m) leads down to the Benue Plain (180 m at Garoua). Vegetation is quite different (dry forest and savannas) ; so are the soils (ferrugineous tropical, hydromorphic, halomorphic and vertisols). North of the Kapsiki plateau, stretches the Chad basin, where soils are much alike those of the Benue Plain. Different type of explanations can be proposed for this succession of flat zones ; the tectonic one appears unable to account for such impressive flotness of the land. Bevelling by erosion processes seems more likely. By comparison with neighbouring countries of west and central Africa a tentative chronology has been proposed. The highest surfaces are related with jurassic or cretaceous erosions ; the youngest are quaternary. Correlotion between the geomorphology and pedology has been attempted.
I Suoli Del Camerun e Loro Problematiche
TATSAP, ISAAC JEAN MARTIAL
2014/2015
Abstract
Summary Several erosion surfaces can be observed throughout eastern Cameroons. The coastal surface concerns the whereabouts of Douala. Its altitude varies slowly between sea level and 300 meters. The main characteristics of this zone are small steep hills, rain forest and ,yellow ferrallitic soils. The interior surface concerns the southern half of the country. The altitude is abaut 600 - 800 meters ; the soils are ferrallitic ; the dominating color is yellow in the south, red in the north. In the center of the country, two plateaus 1000 - 1200 m and 1300 - 1400 m high occupy the Adamaoua zone. The first is covered by red gravelly ferrallitic soils. The Bamoun and Kapsiki plateaus are considered to belong to this level. The second is covered by a bauxite crust in Central Adamaoua. The Bamileke plateau is thought to be related to this level. North of Adamaoua, a very steep scarp (700 m) leads down to the Benue Plain (180 m at Garoua). Vegetation is quite different (dry forest and savannas) ; so are the soils (ferrugineous tropical, hydromorphic, halomorphic and vertisols). North of the Kapsiki plateau, stretches the Chad basin, where soils are much alike those of the Benue Plain. Different type of explanations can be proposed for this succession of flat zones ; the tectonic one appears unable to account for such impressive flotness of the land. Bevelling by erosion processes seems more likely. By comparison with neighbouring countries of west and central Africa a tentative chronology has been proposed. The highest surfaces are related with jurassic or cretaceous erosions ; the youngest are quaternary. Correlotion between the geomorphology and pedology has been attempted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/74912