Malaria e Tubercolosi nella gravidanza

Abstract This thesis aims to address the concept and risk of two diseases that have shown how dangerous they can be for humanity since the beginning of time, particularly for a population with pregnant women from endemic areas, where there is a high risk of contagion from malaria and tuberculosis. With advances in science and epidemiological technology, these diseases represent a challenge for public health. To this factor is added the concern about the slow and insufficient progress in the development of therapeutic alternatives and other technologies capable of containing the transmission of these disease. The investment of inadequate economic resources also for new cases and for cases of relapse, human action on the environment and the natural ability of the causative agent to adapt and produce genetic changes, which challenge the ability to cope with the disease. The prevalence estimated in this study indicates the need to establish measures beyond the care setting, including professional training and scientific research and development. The definition of policies and programs for controlling negligent diseases, such as malaria, requires understanding the magnitude of phenomena such as relapses to be genuinely effective in responding to the population’s needs. As we have seen, the increase in these infectious diseases in Italy is a current problem. As they are imported pathologies, they are little known by health professionals, so it is necessary to develop new mechanisms for early diagnosis in the most susceptible populations and guarantee access to health services and essential care quickly and efficiently. In the same way, the need for health education of the population needs to be clear, favoring active participation in the rational use of medicines, particularly antibiotics, to avoid antibiotic resistance of some strains of infectious microorganisms, which should take into account in the infection. For example, M. tuberculosis and its ability to generate bacterial resistance. I want to conclude with a few brief comments on the control of infectious diseases. Effective control strategies require international efforts. Tuberculosis and malaria demonstrate the need for global cooperation to understand better the epidemiology of individual illnesses and the interactions between diseases, identify drug-resistant strains and the pathological spectrum of different populations, and investigate effective interventions that consider human travel and migration. By collecting and sharing samples of microorganisms from various geographic areas and applying the molecular tools available today, we will map the distribution and spread of organisms. Scientists, institutions, and countries cannot individually solve the global problems of infectious diseases. Shared perspectives, resources, and research are necessary. We must seek a productive collaboration that builds bridges between countries, cultures, and technological differences. Control and prevention are very complex and must consider the fundamental role of social, political, economic, and climatic factors within the dynamics of diseases.