Antideuteroni nei Raggi Cosmici: una nuova valutazione della componente secondaria

Cosmic Rays are high energy particles that propagate in the Universe and carry information about the sources that produced them and the space they travelled through. As some species of Cosmic Rays are believed to be generated by Dark Matter, they constitute good candidates to indirectly detect the latter. Among them, antideuterons are particularly important astrophysical messengers as their ux spectrum acquires di?erent features whether they are produced from Dark Matter annihilation or spallation of Cosmic Rays over the Interstellar Medium. In this work, we develop a new evaluation of secondary antideuteron uxes from the Galaxy and compare them to the primary antideuteron uxes from Dark Matter within the Galaxy. We take into account the sensitivities of the GAPS and AMS-02 experiments to weight the improvements of our new evaluation of the secondary component may have brought to antideuterons detection. We start by deriving the general propagation equation for Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy. Once all the terms of the equation have been discussed and analyzed, we solve it analytically for primary and secondary Cosmic Rays and introduce the medium and maximum model of propagation for Cosmic Rays. Successively, we provide a more in-depth study of sources of Cosmic Rays. After a general introduction of secondary Cosmic Rays, we focus on antiprotons, as they are required for antideuterons to form, and explore the current literature on antiproton invariant cross sections for spallation processes; one of the two works we present will be the basis of our new evaluation of the antideuterons secondary component. Some ?nal remarks on secondary antideuterons are then provided. After some general information on primary Cosmic Rays, we introduce the source term for antideuterons produced by Dark Matter, assumed to be a Weakly Interactive Massive Particle that annihilates into a bottom-antibottom quark pair with a Navarro-Frenk-White halo pro?le. We then present our implementation of the secondary antiproton invariant cross sections previously introduced and compare our results with the discussed literature. Once a good agreement is reached, we evaluate the secondary antideuteron source spectra and uxes with the old and new parametrization of the secondary antiproton invariant cross sections. We conclude by adding the contribution of Dark Matter and analyze our results in light of the GAPS and AMS-02 information.