Come le compagnie del settore energetico redigono i report di sostenibilità: un'analisi del contenuto qualitativa.

The work deals with the Sustainability Reporting and, in particular, it is a qualitative content analysis of a group of selected companies which operate in the energy sector. The first part is the result of an integrated activity, conducted together with a colleague, which includes the selection of sector, entities (according to some characteristics), annuities and the collection of all the necessary documents (Annual and Sustainability Reports). The resulting companies are some of the most important energy and gas producers and distributers in Europe, the majority of them are public listed companies and they are the holdings or their groups. They are: Électricité de France (France), Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk (Germany), Enel (Italy), Energias de Portugal (Portugal), Iberdrola (Spain) and Vattenfall (Sweden). The materiality matrices of every year have been analyzed. This made possible to highlight the most important six topics which could been used to select the GRI Standards, necessary for the work. During the searching activity inside the reports some differences have been found and among all of them a discontinuity in the framework of the matrices between the two first years and the last one has been noticed. This change was related to the content of the Directive 2014/95/EU, approved in 2017 and mandatory in 2018 for all the entities. This consideration lead to a creation of a chapter focused on the Directive to underline the consequences of its implementation and the modality in the selected States. The GRI Standards selection process started from the KPIs, object of the materiality matrices, which can be similar or different for the companies. After the collection of all the related data and the creation of specific tables, it has been possible to obtain five common KPIs: Climate change, Renewable energies and emissions, Nuclear waste, Health & Safety and Energy efficiency. It made possible to list the correspondent GRIs and to select the most recurrent and important ones. The work contains also a brief explanation of the characteristics of the entities, with some key financial information and their history, and a reference to the content of the WBCSD programs and publications related to the analyzed sector. The second half of the thesis is not an integrated work, in fact from the selection of the GRIs, two different analyses have started. The work of the colleague consists of a quantitative content analysis of the GRIs related data contained in the Sustainability Reports. Instead, the work in question is a qualitative analysis of the same documents' content. This part is more focused on the meaning of the words and on the way the GRIs related data are presented. Considering all the reports and all the annuities, some table have been created with the collection of the information about the changes and the differences which can be found during the time and from one entity to the other. For every GRI the way of reporting the content has been noticed thanks to the characteristics reported in the GRI content index notes. At the end of this part the result has been the possibility to notice, through this qualitative content analysis, the variations in relation to the reporting of the sustainability information during the considered period. Consequently, it has been also possible to notice how much the selected groups are sustainable or not.​