Analisi Strategica dell'Approccio Geopolitico alla Sicurezza Marittima: un Confronto tra Dottrina NATO e Dottrina Russa applicato al Circolo Polare Artico

The present study aims to analyse and explore the complex dynamics concerning maritime security issues, in the eye of a strategy driven by geopolitical considerations, operated by two substantially different international players, namely NATO and the Russian Federation. Ultimately, the goal is not to identify the best doctrine between those two, but rather to highlight the virtues and the flaws of each one. The main driver of this analysis is based on the imperativeness for all countries to define the defence of their sovereign territory in internal legal acts (Pietkiewicz 2018). Indeed, it is necessary to premise that the topic of transformation and changing the military doctrine of the state primarily consists in changing the model of its national security. That is because the reaction mechanisms to both external and internal threats described in the military doctrine “reflect the strategic geopolitical goals of the state development and its determination to occupy a certain place in global security architecture” (Pietkiewicz 2018). Clearly, it is crucial to examine and investigate the transformation patterns of the military doctrine according to the changing reality as well as the developing conditions aiding the state in implementing the plan for its proper strategic development (Pietkiewicz 2018). Considering contemporary environmental, energy-related, and strategic issues, the focus of the study is the Arctic Circle. Presenting itself as a hostile, rich, yet fragile environment, the Arctic offers an interesting point of view to analyse issues related to maritime security, control of natural resources, and attention to the preservation of the environment and of its inhabitants, which has been shown to be at serious risk.