Misura della scala di momento dei muoni nell'esperimento CMS

The Standard Model of Particle Physics is a relativistic quantum field theory that describes the particles observed in nature and their interactions, except for gravitation and, up to now, is one of the best tested physics theories of modern Physics. The main motivation to build the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to investigate the hidden sectors of the Standard Model of particle physics. On $14$ march $2013$ the existence of the Higgs boson in the mass region of about $125-126$ GeV has been confirmed by the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations. However, it remains an open question, whether it is the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of particle physics, or possibly the lightest of several bosons predicted in some theories that go beyond the Standard Model. These sectors of physics are available only at a high energy scale and therefore the LHC was designed to provide proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of $14$ TeV. The collider started operating at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV in $2011$ and $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV in $2012$. Before its stop in December $2012$ the integrated luminosity reached in CMS was about $23$ fb$^{-1}$. The high luminosity and the high energy of the colliding protons lead to challenging demands to the detector, such as the precise measurement of the momentum and energy of the particles. The work presented in this thesis has been carried out within the Torino CMS group. It is devoted to the study of a method to calibrate the momentum scale of high energy muons.