Nello scritto si affronta l'analisi dei dati relativi all'appllicazione delle misure facenti capo all'agricoltura a traffico controllato (Controlled Traffic Farming o CTF). Inizialmente l'attenzione è focalizzata sul problema del compattamento del terreno prendendo in considerazione le cause dello stesso ed eventuali rimedi. Il CTF infatti ha come obbiettivo la limitazione del fenomeno del compattamento, attraverso una razionalizzazione degli spostamenti in campo, in modo tale da salvaguardare le proprietà fisiche del terreno. Nello scritto vengono primariamente affrontate le implicazioni economiche derivanti dall'adozione del CTF. Si andranno quindi ad osservare le variazioni riguardanti le rese, la qulità dei prodotti nonchè i risparmi di imput derivanti dall'adozione di questa tecnica. Dopodichè viene preso in considerazione l'argomento dell'efficienza delle operazioni in campo ovvero come il CTF va ad influire sule tempistiche del lavoro in campo. È successivamente presa in esame la risposta agronomica al CTF ovvero come le caratteristiche fisiche del terreno sono influenzate da tali pratiche in funzione delle caratteristiche del terreno e della tipologia di coltura con cui abbiamo a che fare. Vengono quindi presi in esame i parametri di resistenza alla penetrazione, porosità, distribuzione dimensionale dei pori nel terreno, acqua di trasmissione, acqua disponibile per le piante, acqua residuale. Al fine di porre l'attenzione sulla variabilità dei dati ottenuti in funzione del tipo di terreno, delle tecniche adottate e del tempo vengono presi in esame due studi. Il primo è stato portato avanti nell'areale svizzero su ben 17 siti di studio. I dati provenienti da tale studio sono però influenzati dalla diversità di struttura tra i vari siti, dai tempi ristretti (solo 3 stagioni produttive), dall'adozione non completa di tutti i principi del CTF e da una grande varietà colturale. Il secondo studio, proveniente dall'Ohio, prende in considerazione un pool di terreni deicisamente più esiguo ma su una scala temporale di ben 20 anni, cosa che da grande stabilità statistica ai dati. Infine viene affrontato l'impatto ambientale benfico che le pratiche comprese nel CTF portano in temini di abbattimento di emissioni dai terreni di protossido di azzoto (N2O) e metano (CH4) entrambi importanti gas ad effetto serra. A conclusione è portato un punto di vista riguardante le possibili applicazioni e le relative criticità derivanti dall'adozione del CTF nei nostri areali.
The paper deals with the analysis of data relating to the application of the measures relating to Controlled Traffic Farming or CTF. Initially, attention is focused on the problem of soil compaction, taking into consideration the causes of the same and any remedies. The CTF in fact has as its objective the limitation of the compaction phenomenon, through a rationalization of the movements in the field, in such a way as to safeguard the physical properties of the soil. In the paper, the economic implications deriving from the adoption of the CTF are primarily addressed. We will therefore observe the variations regarding the yields, the quality of the products as well as the savings in input resulting from the adoption of this technique. Then the topic of the efficiency of field operations is taken into consideration, or how the CTF affects the timing of the work in the field. The agronomic response to the CTF is then examined, how the physical characteristics of the soil are influenced by these practices according to the characteristics of the soil and the type of crop we are dealing with. The parameters of resistance to penetration, porosity, dimensional distribution of the pores in the soil, transmission water, water available for plants, residual water are then examined. In order to focus on the variability of the data obtained according to the type of soil, the techniques used and the time, two studies are examined. The first was carried out in the Swiss area on 17 study sites. The data from this study, however, are influenced by the diversity of structure between the various sites, by the short time frames (only 3 production seasons), by the incomplete adoption of all the principles of the CTF and by a great variety of crops. The second study, from Ohio, takes into consideration a much smaller pool of land but on a 20-year time scale, which gives the data great statistical stability. Finally, the beneficial environmental impact that the practices included in the CTF lead to the abatement of emissions from soils of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), both important greenhouse gases, is addressed. In conclusion, a point of view regarding the possible applications and related criticalities arising from the adoption of the CTF in our areas is brought.
Agricoltura a traffico controllato
MANTOAN, LUCA
2019/2020
Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis of data relating to the application of the measures relating to Controlled Traffic Farming or CTF. Initially, attention is focused on the problem of soil compaction, taking into consideration the causes of the same and any remedies. The CTF in fact has as its objective the limitation of the compaction phenomenon, through a rationalization of the movements in the field, in such a way as to safeguard the physical properties of the soil. In the paper, the economic implications deriving from the adoption of the CTF are primarily addressed. We will therefore observe the variations regarding the yields, the quality of the products as well as the savings in input resulting from the adoption of this technique. Then the topic of the efficiency of field operations is taken into consideration, or how the CTF affects the timing of the work in the field. The agronomic response to the CTF is then examined, how the physical characteristics of the soil are influenced by these practices according to the characteristics of the soil and the type of crop we are dealing with. The parameters of resistance to penetration, porosity, dimensional distribution of the pores in the soil, transmission water, water available for plants, residual water are then examined. In order to focus on the variability of the data obtained according to the type of soil, the techniques used and the time, two studies are examined. The first was carried out in the Swiss area on 17 study sites. The data from this study, however, are influenced by the diversity of structure between the various sites, by the short time frames (only 3 production seasons), by the incomplete adoption of all the principles of the CTF and by a great variety of crops. The second study, from Ohio, takes into consideration a much smaller pool of land but on a 20-year time scale, which gives the data great statistical stability. Finally, the beneficial environmental impact that the practices included in the CTF lead to the abatement of emissions from soils of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), both important greenhouse gases, is addressed. In conclusion, a point of view regarding the possible applications and related criticalities arising from the adoption of the CTF in our areas is brought.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/28684