Effetto di alcuni scarti dell'industria agroalimentare sul contenimento di patogeni terricoli in orticoltura

The goal of this work was to identify waste materials from agro-food industries, which had inhibitory effects on pathogenic microorganisms in agriculture.The waste used are: cocoa shells and powder; cocoa beans; peel hazelnuts; lees; marc; tea; scrap wafers; rice husk; rice hulls; ashes of rice; two different types of serum. In tests performed on liquid medium, the results showed that: the serum B has reduced the growth in weight of P. ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici, however, encouraging the development of R. solani, only on R. solani of rice ash at pH 7 reduced growth. In assays of antifungal activity on plate was noted that only the serum B reduced the diameter growth of P. ultimum while the serum A has reduced the diameter growth of R. solani. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici lees at pH 3.62, the marc at pH 3.64, in the serum, the serum B, the chaff, the husks are used for both pH and the ash of rice at pH 7 had a negative effect on the diameter growth on the pathogen. The majority of waste, with the exception of scrap wafers, serum A, the ash of rice husks and rice obtained assays of phytotoxic effects on germination. Phytotoxic effects are well be observed in growth assays with the use of cocoa beans and 5% marc, lees cocoa shells and powder and hazelnut husk to 20%, rice bran and tea at 10 and 20%. Repressiveness of the essays showed that the addition of grapes, cocoa beans, the cocoa shells and powder and serum in the peat substrate has achieved a significant containment of P. ultimum on cucumber. The addition of lees, cocoa beans, brown skin and serum B have reduced the number of plants affected significantly in a test of two. The addition of peat ash of rice has reduced the number of plants affected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici in all tests, while grapes, tea and rice husks have obtained a relevant only in a test on three. The use of agro-industrial waste in agriculture can be a useful strategy for the containment of plant pathogens in vegetable crops. However you must consider possible effects of phytotoxicity on plants and further analysis is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action.