Dietary supplementation of monoglycerides in growing pigs: effects on feed digestibility, performance and health

Pork is one of the most widely consumed meats worldwide, accounting for 34% of global meat consumption in 2022. The increase in global pork consumption mirrors the growth in pig production, which has risen by 140% from 1961 to 2021. In the European Union, pig production is concentrated in specific regions such as Denmark, Belgium, and France, with countries like Spain, Germany, and France collectively contributing over 50% of total pork production. Intestinal health has become a major focus in pig nutrition research. As a result, significant research has been directed towards improving intestinal health through dietary interventions, with the aim of enhancing growth efficiency and nutrient utilization. The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a foundamental role in maintaining gut health and influencing growth performance in pigs. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by various factors, including diet, stress, and environmental conditions. One of the most critical periods in a pig’s life is weaning, during which the gut microbiota undergoes significant changes, leading to reduced microbial diversity and potential health issues. Pathogenic bacteria can disrupt intestinal function and impair nutrient absorption, resulting in poor growth and increased susceptibility to disease. In the last years, there has been increasing interest in the use of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and their monoglyceride derivatives as feed additives to improve pig health and production. MCFAs, characterized by carbon chains of 6–12 atoms, and their corresponding monoglycerides exhibit potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. These compounds are particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and enveloped viruses due to their ability to disrupt the cell membranes of pathogens. Furthermore, MCFAs and monoglycerides have shown promise in enhancing feed digestibility and promoting a balanced gut microbiota, which are crucial for improving feed efficiency and overall animal performance. This thesis investigates the effects of MCFAs and monoglycerides on pig intestinal health and feed efficiency.