Il percorso della maternità surrogata: prospettive sulla maternità surrogata nel contesto della riproduzione assistita transnazionale e i due principali centri per la maternità surrogata, India e Tailandia

This dissertation explores the practice of surrogacy, a controversial phenomenon that has gained prominence since the late 20th century with advancements in assisted reproduction technologies. Surrogacy presents a complex interplay of ethical, legal, and social issues, challenging societies to navigate its recognition and regulation. While ancient surrogate practices aimed at lineage continuation, modern gestational surrogacy, which involves no genetic connection between surrogate and child, has intensified debates on exploitation, commodification, and psychological impacts on children. Proponents argue for its role in empowering women's reproductive choices, contrasting with concerns over commercialization and potential harms. The global legal landscape reflects varied approaches to surrogacy, influenced by religious, ethical, and social factors. Some nations permit altruistic surrogacy while banning commercial arrangements, leading intended parents to seek cross-border reproductive care in jurisdictions with more permissive laws. However, this trend raises issues of exploitation and legal uncertainty regarding parentage and citizenship. India and Thailand emerged as prominent surrogacy hubs due to lower costs and availability of surrogate mothers, but their rapid growth sparked controversy and legislative reforms. Understanding the historical, religious, and societal contexts of these countries sheds light on why surrogacy thrived and the ensuing debates it provoked. Through a comprehensive review of literature and research, this dissertation aims to provide a nuanced analysis of surrogacy, addressing its origins, complexities, and implications within cross-border reproductive care. It underscores the need for tailored legal frameworks ensuring the safety and rights of all parties involved. Examining India and Thailand's roles enriches discussions on global reproductive justice and ethical practices in assisted reproduction.