Gestione della crisi psicotica - Modelli di intervento post-deistituzionalizzazione

The paper aims to examine the literature on the subject of "crisis", operating a focus on intervention models that developed the basic concepts that led to the overcoming of the traditional psychiatric hospitals, both in Italy, of which outlines the experience of Trieste and Trento, born from the direct contribution of Basaglia; and abroad, with a look to the United States and the European reality. In general, we are witnessing the evolution of the model based on custody towards the paradigms of territoriality and of taking charge of the global crisis. A study is, in fact, carried out, on the Piedmontese model IESA, which operates on the base of the importance given to the therapeutic factor environmental, able to reduce days of hospitalization, leading an alternative theraphy. The review also provides a brief review of the main contributions of Crisis Theory and the Crisis Intervention Theory, by which the management of the current crisis has grown in importance, becoming part, also, of the programs of preventive healthcare. The approaches that are emerging as the most effective, as also highlighted in the review of models of crisis intervention would be the centralized team of crisis added to the organizational models defined as "functional" and the intervention of crisis as an operational component of territorial service defindes as "comprehensive" or "integrated". From the review emerges, finally, the need for new areas of research that investigate the validity of the draw each model with greater consideration to psychosocial variables and the composition of the group of users, and not only in terms of hospital stays or cost-effectiveness of a particular model.