Modulazione dello stress ossidativo indotto dall'aflatossina B1 da parte della curcumina e dei leganti organici nel fegato di pollo ​

Aflatoxins (AF) are naturally occurring compounds that are produced from the moulds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and represent an important issue for human foods and animal feed stuffs (Williams et al., 2004). The liver is the primary target organ in different animal species, however, tumours of other organs have also been observed in aflatoxin-treated species, as well as a wide variation in sensitivity between and within species has been reported. The diseases caused by aflatoxin consumption are loosely called aflatoxicoses. Acute aflatoxicosis results in death; chronic aflatoxicosis results in cancer, immune suppression, and other ‘‘slow’’ pathological conditions. Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxins, immunosuppressant, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogens (Clegg and Bryson, 1962; Eaton and Gallagher, 1994; Robens and Richard, 1992). Some experiment reported the potential of AFB1 to cause oxidative stress, described as MDA value. CYP activity is determinant in the promotion of AFB1 associated oxidative stress, leading to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the solutions to deal with the problem of mycotoxin is prevention, application of best management to the practices enables to reduce the risk for the development of moulds. Mycotoxin binders, also known as adsorbents or sequestering agents, have been used to decontaminate animal feed by binding the mycotoxin and inhibit their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (Abdallah et al., 2015; Mgbeahuruike et al., 2018). The use of bioactive compounds has emerged as a potential approach to reduce toxicity induced by environmental contaminants such as mycotoxicosis. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound, commonly called diferuloylmethane, extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin is highly effective against AFB1 toxicity (Soni et al., 1997), protects the liver from AFB1 harmful effects, and oxidative damage by preventing the biotransformation of AFB1 (Lee et al., 2001). To reduce the production of MDA due to oxidation carried out by AFB1 in the chicken diet, we tried to give, together with the mycotoxin, also the binders (Tri-octahedral Na-smectite with a ligno-cellulose based material, Bio-organoclay and Turmeric Powder). Liver tissue was examined trough TBARS test, the results show that these binders, without the presence of the mycotoxin, show a very low value of MDA. We use the OXY test to verify the antioxidant activity, we compared AFB1 alone and AFB1 with a specific binder, and it found out that all the three binders can reduce the oxidation stress produce by AFB1.