COMPLESSITÀ NELLA POLITICA SOCIALE: ETF /EUROPEAN TRAINING FOUNDATION E COVID-19, MISURE DI RISPOSTA ALLA PANDEMIA ALLA PANDEMIA GLOBALE

Economic, social, and political life have always included the uncertainty, the unpredictable, and the unexpected. In the present-day hyperconnected world complexity becomes the norm. By exploring the complexity paradigm of our systems, where infinite continuously changing interactive elements are in play, the purpose is to understand humans' approach to complex systems based on reciprocity evolving and sustaining themselves. The complexity concept with a prospect of a long-term interaction allows a very large scale of studying issues to be undertaken in different fields: economists, sociologists, philosophers, mathematics and computer scientists, evolutionary biologists, and many others deal with it. Our focus is placed on economic framework, being keenly aware that there is much more complexity by any single traditional and economic model, no matter how broad its applications or how rich its strategic implications. After trying to explain and gain understanding of complexity theory, the present research shifts from a theoretical perspective to a practical approach. COVID-19 pandemic gives a clear example of how it can be difficult to compute expectations and to design strategic responses nationally and internationally in some circumstances. Coronavirus novel is a viral infection itself which is unknown in its behaviour and origin and therefore in its development and contagion. The COVID-19 response has shown the countries' ability to deviate from business-as-usual to protect public health and safety. The transformations of this last period are particularly salient in many fields, as, for instance, in the education system, which is our focal point. The present thesis includes the collaborations with ETF, European Training Foundation, which supports policy-makers and specialists in ETF partner countries to enhance the relevance of their education and training systems so as to improve the match between skills supply and demand. We would like to develop an enquiry into the ETF's recent answer to the pandemic with its Partner Country COVID-19 response analyses, reports, and publications. Our intention would be to look at this work as a methodological response to complexity in Education, Training and Human Capital Development social policy. The thesis would conclude with an analysis and presentation of lessons learned and possible future evolution of ETF to complex social policy problems such as this pandemic event with (time-permitting) concept ideas for some key indicators and indicator development in this area. Our hope is a deeper understanding of conditions that promote cooperation and strategies that could help make the education a little safer and fairer, reducing the remaining substantial gaps in schooling opportunities between children from more and less advantaged or disadvantaged social and economic country-home-backgrounds, especially in this period of Covid-19. Describing ETF position and adaption as a result of the pandemic and its impact on partner country Human Capital Development in view of the needs and the conditions in heterogeneous – transaction and developing – ETF partner countries, it may give a better clarification on an entity approach in supporting a complex world.