I cereali giocano un ruolo fondamentale nell'alimentazione umana e in particolar modo il frumento è la coltura cerealicola più coltivata a livello mondiale. Nuove varietà di frumento, definite pigmentate, sono state ottenute tramite miglioramento genetico e sono state recentemente portate sul mercato secondo un modello già affermato per riso e mais. Tali varietà mostrano un contenuto maggiore in composti bioattivi, come antociani e carotenoidi, che sono generalmente limitati nelle varietà convenzionali. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato confrontare caratteristiche agronomiche e nutrizionali di 12 varietà di frumento tenero pigmentato (viola, blu, nere e gialle) con una varietà di frumento convenzionale a granella rossa. Tutte le varietà sono state concimate con tre diverse tesi di azoto e sono state coltivate in due località, su suolo franco superficiale e su suolo franco limoso. La crusca delle varietà pigmentate è stata poi usata per ottenere pani integrali, di cui sono stati valutati volume, colore e attività antiossidante. Le varietà pigmentate hanno mostrato un contenuto significativamente maggiore in composti bioattivi rispetto alla varietà convenzionale. Le strategie di concimazione hanno influenzato in maniera evidente le performance produttive e tecnologiche, ma hanno avuto un effetto limitato sui composti antiossidanti, seppur significativo. L'ambiente ha avuto un effetto significativo su tutte le caratteristiche esaminate, e ciò sottolinea l'importanza della scelta della località nel favorire determinati tratti qualitativi. Tuttavia, la più ampia variabilità è stata osservata fra i diversi genotipi, anche all'interno della stessa tipologia di colore, e ciò offre spazio al miglioramento e alla selezione genetica. Tra le varietà studiate, la tipologia nera sembra essere la più promettente in quanto ha mostrato una resa solo leggermente inferiore rispetto alla varietà convenzionale in entrambe le località e un contenuto significativamente più elevato di acidi fenolici e antociani. Relativamente alle prove di panificazione, l'inclusione di crusca pigmentata ha determinato una attività antiossidante significativamente più elevata rispetto al pane contente crusca proveniente dalla varietà convenzionale.
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the production of wholegrain products, owing to the positive effects shown on human health. Furthermore, nutritional and health aspects of wheat grain have recently been prioritized through studying pigmented wheat varieties, due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, that are generally limited in conventional wheat varieties. The aim of this study was to compare agronomic and quality traits of 12 pigmented wheat varieties (purple, blue, black, and yellow), having one red-grained wheat variety as control. All the varieties were fertilized with 3 different levels of nitrogen, and were grown in two experimental fields, in a shallow soil and in a loam fertile soil. Bran fractions were then incorporated in refined flour in order to evaluate their impact on bread-making quality and antioxidant activity. The pigmented cultivars showed a significant higher content in the investigated bioactive compounds compared to the red control. Different N treatments significantly affected the productive and technological performances, but they had limited effects on the antioxidant compounds, effect that is, however, still significant. The effect of environment was highly significant for all the investigated traits, highlighting the importance of the site in order to enhance specific nutrient quality traits. Nevertheless, the wider variability was related to genotypes, also within the same type of colour, offering the opportunity for genetic improvement and selection. Between the investigated varieties, the black type seems to be the most suitable for commercial utilization, having a slight lower yield in both locations compared to the red variety and a significant higher content in phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Regarding the effects on bread-making, the addition of all considered purple, blue, and black bran resulted in a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to that of the red control. Improvement of pigmented wheat varieties represents hence an important opportunity to use the knowledge of bread wheat to develop healthier food products.
Comparison of antioxidant compounds in pigmented wheat cultivars under different agronomic scenarios
SARDELLA, CLAUDIA
2019/2020
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the production of wholegrain products, owing to the positive effects shown on human health. Furthermore, nutritional and health aspects of wheat grain have recently been prioritized through studying pigmented wheat varieties, due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, that are generally limited in conventional wheat varieties. The aim of this study was to compare agronomic and quality traits of 12 pigmented wheat varieties (purple, blue, black, and yellow), having one red-grained wheat variety as control. All the varieties were fertilized with 3 different levels of nitrogen, and were grown in two experimental fields, in a shallow soil and in a loam fertile soil. Bran fractions were then incorporated in refined flour in order to evaluate their impact on bread-making quality and antioxidant activity. The pigmented cultivars showed a significant higher content in the investigated bioactive compounds compared to the red control. Different N treatments significantly affected the productive and technological performances, but they had limited effects on the antioxidant compounds, effect that is, however, still significant. The effect of environment was highly significant for all the investigated traits, highlighting the importance of the site in order to enhance specific nutrient quality traits. Nevertheless, the wider variability was related to genotypes, also within the same type of colour, offering the opportunity for genetic improvement and selection. Between the investigated varieties, the black type seems to be the most suitable for commercial utilization, having a slight lower yield in both locations compared to the red variety and a significant higher content in phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Regarding the effects on bread-making, the addition of all considered purple, blue, and black bran resulted in a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to that of the red control. Improvement of pigmented wheat varieties represents hence an important opportunity to use the knowledge of bread wheat to develop healthier food products.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/155277