Diritti umani in Libano: crimini interni - il ruolo della comunità internazionale nel Tribunale speciale per il Libano - crisi politica ed economica dopo l'esplosione del 4 agosto.

In recent years, the topic of human rights in Lebanon has received a great deal of attention, particularly in relation to domestic crimes and the involvement of the international community. The country has encountered several obstacles, including political instability, economic turmoil, and catastrophic occurrences such as the August 4th, bombing in Beirut. These events have prompted concerns about human rights protection and the need for justice in Lebanon. The Lebanese people have been subjected to a slew of domestic crimes that have infringed their basic rights and liberties. These transgressions include terrorism, political violence, and human rights violations, among others. The commission of such crimes not only causes direct harm to people, but it also jeopardizes the nation's stability and social fabric. Recognizing the seriousness of these crimes and the importance of accountability, the international community has taken an active role in resolving human rights breaches in Lebanon. The formation of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) is one noteworthy example. The STL was established to investigate and prosecute individuals responsible for former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri's killing and other crimes. Its establishment underscores the international community's commitment to securing justice and bringing perpetrators of major human rights crimes responsible. The Special Tribunal for Lebanon ("STL") analyzed changing international norms of corporate accountability in 2014 and determined that it is a general rule of international law that legal companies can be held accountable for criminal behavior. These include its jurisdiction, its hybrid procedures, its technical capability, its operational transparency, its outreach programme and its judicial model. Due to a shortage of funding as Beirut descends further into an economic and political crisis, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) is scheduled to stop operating at the end of July. The tribunal was established by United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007) and became operational in 2009 to look into Prime Minister Rafik Hariri's slaying. Following the initial ruling in August 2020, the STL found only one person responsible for the explosion that murdered former prime minister Rafik Hariri and twenty-one other people: Hezbollah member Salim Ayyash. The tribunal was set to hear testimony in a second trial involving the murder of Lebanese lawmaker George Hawi and the attempted murders of Marwan Hamade and Elias Murr in June of this year. The STL's closure is very likely despite appeals from UN Security General Antonio Guterres for member states to make voluntary contributions to raise money to support the legal processes. Because there is no specific definition of this crime under customary international law, the idea of terrorism is contested on a global scale. As a result, many believe that national investigations and prosecutions of terrorism are preferable. The criminalization of terrorism started at the national level, where several nations passed laws outlawing terrorist activities and holding those accountable for them accountable in their courts.