La riforma carceraria nel XIX secolo e le assemblee internazionali

The aim of my dissertation is to inform, deepen and reflect on the penal environment inside and outside prison, what has been happening since the early years of history inside prisons in Italy and in most European and non-European countries. The first chapter traces a historical excursus on the evolution of penitentiary legislation in Italy, from ancient times to the present day, analysing the various changes in the legislative field. Then I tried to compare the history of penitentiary legislation in the international situation, comparing various European and non-European countries such as Germany, Spain, Switzerland and Saudi Arabia, to understand the differences in the application of punishment and the laws valid in international law. After the various international assemblies on prisons and penitentiary systems will be cited and deepened to understand how the representatives of the member states have come to recognize the existence of the penitentiary reality and to the implementation of the various laws through International Congresses since 1872. In the end I decided to address the origin of penitentiary legislation in Russia, which today is the antipode in respect of human rights inside prisons and to conclude, it is compared to the rest of the world, to the modern Norwegian penitentiary legislation with its prison on the island of Bastøy, the " Bastøy prison", considered the most beautiful prison in the world where there are no cells, and the main final purpose is the re-education of the convict in all respects.