Il cambiamento climatico sta causando un'alta variabilità annuale ed eventi meteorologici estremi, i quali compromettono la produttività dei vigneti e la qualità delle uve prodotte, con conseguenze molto gravi sulla redditività della produzione vitivinicola. Pertanto, l'introduzione di tecniche agronomiche mirate all'adattamento della vite a tali condizioni ambientali è diventata essenziale. Le strategie di adattamento in viticoltura si differenziano in termini di tempistica ed efficacia. Il presente lavoro si inserisce nel progetto finanziato dall’Unione Europea "RESILVINE: Pratiche colturali per contrastare il cambiamento climatico in viticoltura" e si concentra sui risultati del primo anno di studio di due misure di adattamento. Vengono quindi analizzati l'impatto di I) quattro diversi metodi di cimatura e II) tre diversi sistemi di allevamento sui parametri di maturazione dell'uva, sulla produzione e l’influenza sul vino. L'esperimento è stato condotto sulla varietà Chardonnay, nell’areale viticolo della Franciacorta (Nord Italia) nel 2023. Nell'esperimento di cimatura sono stati applicati quattro trattamenti al di sopra del capo a frutto: Cimatura lunga (eseguita tre volte a 145 cm), cimatura corta (eseguita tre volte a 110 cm), cimatura ad invaiatura (applicato una volta a 145 cm) e nessuna cimatura (avvolgimento dei tralci a 145 cm). L'esperimento relativo ai sistemi di allevamento si è basato su Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), Guyot e Sylvoz. Rispetto alla media storica 1997-2023, la stagione meteorologica 2023 è stata caratterizzata da temperature leggermente superiori e da elevate precipitazioni durante la stagione di crescita. Pertanto, lo stress termico estivo non è stato rilevante e l'elevato livello idrico nel suolo ha supportato la crescita della vite senza alcuna limitazione della stessa. I risultati dello studio indicano che le misure di adattamento analizzate hanno avuto un effetto significativo sui parametri misurati. Nel caso della cimatura, le condizioni meteorologiche hanno indotto una forte risposta vegetativa ed un conseguente squilibrio vegeto-produttivo. Il livello più alto di acidità totale è stato riscontrato nella tesi cimata corta mentre il livello di zuccheri più alto è stato misurato nella prova senza cimature. La resa più alta è stata riscontrata nel trattamento di cimatura ad invaiatura. L'analisi sensoriale dei vini differisce principalmente nel trattamento senza cimature, risultando il vino più complesso e riportando tratti sensoriali più maturi. Per quanto riguarda il confronto dei sistemi di allevamento, è stata osservata una maturazione ritardata delle uve in GDC, con un minor accumulo di zuccheri e una maggiore acidità totale. GDC ha anche ottenuto la resa più alta per ettaro. Sylvoz ha mostrato il più alto accumulo zuccherino, con la resa per pianta più alta ma la resa per ettaro più bassa. L'analisi sensoriale del vino si differenzia principalmente in Sylvoz, offrendo intensità aromatica leggermente maggiore, con note floreali e tropicali maggiormente pronunciate, oltre a un miglior equilibrio rispetto agli altri vini. I risultati delle misure di adattamento studiate sono stati fortemente influenzati dalla stagione meteorologica e devono quindi essere integrati con i risultati futuri.
The ongoing climate change is causing high annual variability and extreme weather events which compromise both, the productivity of vineyards and the quality of the grapes produced, with very serious consequences on the profitability of wine production. Therefore, the introduction of agricultural techniques targeted to the adaptation of grapevine to these environmental conditions has become essential. The strategies of adaptation differ in terms of timing of implementation and effectiveness. The present research work is a part of the EU funded project “RESILVINE: Agronomical practices to counteract the climate change in viticulture” and focuses on the results of the first year of evaluation of two adaptation measures analysing the impact of I) four different shoot hedging methods and II) three different training systems on grape ripening, yield and wine parameters. The experiment was performed on Chardonnay variety in Franciacorta vine growing region (North Italy) in 2023. In the shoot hedging experiment four treatments were applied above the fruiting cane: Long hedging (performed three times at 145 cm), short hedging (performed three times at 110 cm), topping at veraison (applied one time at 145 cm) and no hedging (shoot wrapping at 145 cm). The training system experiment focused on Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), Guyot and Sylvoz. When compared with the historical average 1997-2023, the 2023 meteorological season was characterized by slightly higher temperature and high precipitation during the growing season. Therefore, summer thermal stress was not relevant and the high soil water level supported vine growth without any relevant limitation. The results of the study indicate that the analysed adaptation measures had a significant effect on measured parameters. In the case of shoot hedging, the weather conditions led to a high vegetative response and a consequently vegetative-reproductive imbalance. The highest level of total acidity was found in short hedging while higher sugar level was measured on shoot wrapping treatment. The highest yield was found on topping at veraison treatment. The sensorial analysis of the resulting wine mainly differs in shoot wrapping treatment, being the more complex wine and reporting more mature sensorial traits. In the training system comparison, a delayed ripening of grapes was observed for GDC, with lower sugar accumulation and higher total acidity, GDC also obtained the highest yield per hectare. Sylvoz resulted in the highest sugar accumulation, with the highest yield per plant but the lowest yield per hectare. The sensorial analysis of the resulting wine mainly differs in Sylvoz resulting with slightly greater aromatic intensity, with more pronounced floral and tropical notes, as well as better balance. The results of the studied adaptation measures were influenced on the meteorological season and thereby the finding needs to be implemented with the future results.
CIMATURE E SISTEMI DI ALLEVAMENTO COME STRATEGIE DI ADATTAMENTO AL CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO NELLA REGIONE VITIVINICOLA DELLA FRANCIACORTA
CRESCINI, FRANCESCO
2023/2024
Abstract
The ongoing climate change is causing high annual variability and extreme weather events which compromise both, the productivity of vineyards and the quality of the grapes produced, with very serious consequences on the profitability of wine production. Therefore, the introduction of agricultural techniques targeted to the adaptation of grapevine to these environmental conditions has become essential. The strategies of adaptation differ in terms of timing of implementation and effectiveness. The present research work is a part of the EU funded project “RESILVINE: Agronomical practices to counteract the climate change in viticulture” and focuses on the results of the first year of evaluation of two adaptation measures analysing the impact of I) four different shoot hedging methods and II) three different training systems on grape ripening, yield and wine parameters. The experiment was performed on Chardonnay variety in Franciacorta vine growing region (North Italy) in 2023. In the shoot hedging experiment four treatments were applied above the fruiting cane: Long hedging (performed three times at 145 cm), short hedging (performed three times at 110 cm), topping at veraison (applied one time at 145 cm) and no hedging (shoot wrapping at 145 cm). The training system experiment focused on Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), Guyot and Sylvoz. When compared with the historical average 1997-2023, the 2023 meteorological season was characterized by slightly higher temperature and high precipitation during the growing season. Therefore, summer thermal stress was not relevant and the high soil water level supported vine growth without any relevant limitation. The results of the study indicate that the analysed adaptation measures had a significant effect on measured parameters. In the case of shoot hedging, the weather conditions led to a high vegetative response and a consequently vegetative-reproductive imbalance. The highest level of total acidity was found in short hedging while higher sugar level was measured on shoot wrapping treatment. The highest yield was found on topping at veraison treatment. The sensorial analysis of the resulting wine mainly differs in shoot wrapping treatment, being the more complex wine and reporting more mature sensorial traits. In the training system comparison, a delayed ripening of grapes was observed for GDC, with lower sugar accumulation and higher total acidity, GDC also obtained the highest yield per hectare. Sylvoz resulted in the highest sugar accumulation, with the highest yield per plant but the lowest yield per hectare. The sensorial analysis of the resulting wine mainly differs in Sylvoz resulting with slightly greater aromatic intensity, with more pronounced floral and tropical notes, as well as better balance. The results of the studied adaptation measures were influenced on the meteorological season and thereby the finding needs to be implemented with the future results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/147605