Verso il Net Zero 2050: le potenziali implicazioni legali del Net Zero Industry Act e i piani di azione strategica delle principali compagnie petrolifere e del gas.

The European Union is actively addressing climate change and energy security challenges, aligning with international objectives like the Net Zero 2050 initiative. The European Net Zero Industry Act proposed in March 2023 aims to enhance the Union's capacity for net-zero emission technologies, targeting at least 40% deployment by 2030. Despite the importance of technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and renewables, hurdles such as financing and permitting complexities persist. Balancing rapid action with thorough impact assessments and public engagement is crucial. Companies face the challenge of meeting legal standards while ensuring fairness in the energy transition. They may slow actions to ensure responsible approaches, reflecting a commitment to environmental sustainability and prudent management. Transparency, through sustainability reporting, strengthens stakeholder trust and promotes a culture of sustainability and compliance. This thesis delves into the regulatory framework and strategies of oil and gas companies like Eni, Shell, and TotalEnergies, navigating the transition to a net-zero economy. It examines the Act's legal implications, companies' decarbonization strategies, and the need for holistic approaches to foster sustainable economies. Through careful planning and stakeholder engagement, companies can mitigate risks, preserve reputations, and contribute to environmental and societal well-being.