In questi ultimi anni, tecnici del settore e consumatori hanno progressivamente preso coscienza delle problematiche ambientali e sanitarie connesse all'uso dei prodotti chimici. Proprio in questo contesto si inserisce l'utilizzo di mezzi biologici, come funghi e batteri antagonisti, per la difesa delle colture da malattie e parassiti. Mezzi che attualmente stanno fornendo risultati tali da sostituirsi, in certi casi, alla lotta chimica. L'utilizzo di agenti di lotta biologica rappresenta ad oggi una delle possibili soluzioni per alcune delle principali malattie fungine della vite: Peronospora, Oidio, Muffa Grigia e Mal dell'Esca, che da anni sono oggetto di studi e sperimentazioni per mettere a punto una strategia di lotta biologica. Si parla appunto di strategia, perché l'utilizzo degli agenti di lotta biologica comporta una perfetta conoscenza dello sviluppo e dell'epidemiologia dell'agente della malattia da collegare alle caratteristiche di azione dell'agente di lotta biologica. La diversità dei meccanismi di azione degli agenti di lotta biologica determina infatti diverse modalità di utilizzo. Già da tempo è stata riconosciuta l'efficacia di Trichoderma harzianum, un fungo polivalente e molto attivo contro numerosi patogeni. Agisce producendo sostanze antimicrobiche, inducendo resistenza nella pianta o competendo per nutrienti e spazio e risulta spesso efficace per contenere il patogeno al di sotto di un soglia di allarme. Altri antagonisti, come Ampelomyces quisqualis, agiscono come veri e propri parassiti vivendo a spese del fungo patogeno, invadono il citoplasma delle cellule di Erysiphe necator causandone una rapida degenerazione. L'azione antagonista di Bacillus subtilis contro Botrytis cinerea risulta invece prevalentemente preventiva e la sua adattabilità a molti ecosistemi rappresenta uno dei principali vantaggi. Studi d'integrabilità hanno dimostrato che esistono incompatibilità importanti con alcuni prodotti fitosanitari e ciò deve essere tenuto in considerazione quando si voglia integrare la lotta chimica con la lotta biologica.
In recent years, technicians and consumers have gradually become aware of the environmental and health issues related to the use of chemicals. In this context, the use of biological solution is becoming importan, such as fungal and bacterial antagonists for the protection of crops from pests and diseases. Biological control agents are currently providing results that can drop, in some cases, chemical control. The use of biological control agents today represents one of the possible solutions to some of the major fungal diseases of the vine: Downy mildew, Powdery Mildew, Gray Mold and Esca disease, who has been the subject of studies and experiments to develop a biological control agents strategy. It talks about a strategy, because the use of biological control agents involves a thorough understanding of the development and the epidemiology of the disease agent to connect to the characteristics of action of biological control agent. The diversity of the mechanisms of action of biological control agents of fact determines different modes of use. Has been recognized the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, a fungus all-around and very active against many pathogens. This fungus producing antimicrobial substances, inducing resistance in the plant or by competing for nutrients and space, and is often effective to contain the pathogen below a threshold alarm. Other antagonists such as Ampelomyces quisqualis, work as true parasites living at the expense of the pathogenic fungus invade the cytoplasm of cells of Erysiphe necator causing a rapid degeneration. The antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis against Botrytis cinerea is instead primarily preventive and its adaptability to many ecosystems is a major advantage. Integrability studies have shown that there are major incompatibilities with certain plant protection products and this should be taken into consideration when you want to integrate chemical control with biological control.
Lotta biologica in viticoltura
CORINO, MICHELE
2012/2013
Abstract
In recent years, technicians and consumers have gradually become aware of the environmental and health issues related to the use of chemicals. In this context, the use of biological solution is becoming importan, such as fungal and bacterial antagonists for the protection of crops from pests and diseases. Biological control agents are currently providing results that can drop, in some cases, chemical control. The use of biological control agents today represents one of the possible solutions to some of the major fungal diseases of the vine: Downy mildew, Powdery Mildew, Gray Mold and Esca disease, who has been the subject of studies and experiments to develop a biological control agents strategy. It talks about a strategy, because the use of biological control agents involves a thorough understanding of the development and the epidemiology of the disease agent to connect to the characteristics of action of biological control agent. The diversity of the mechanisms of action of biological control agents of fact determines different modes of use. Has been recognized the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, a fungus all-around and very active against many pathogens. This fungus producing antimicrobial substances, inducing resistance in the plant or by competing for nutrients and space, and is often effective to contain the pathogen below a threshold alarm. Other antagonists such as Ampelomyces quisqualis, work as true parasites living at the expense of the pathogenic fungus invade the cytoplasm of cells of Erysiphe necator causing a rapid degeneration. The antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis against Botrytis cinerea is instead primarily preventive and its adaptability to many ecosystems is a major advantage. Integrability studies have shown that there are major incompatibilities with certain plant protection products and this should be taken into consideration when you want to integrate chemical control with biological control.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
282535_tesicorinomichelematricola282535-lottabiologicainviticoltura.pdf
non disponibili
Tipologia:
Altro materiale allegato
Dimensione
5.66 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.66 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/131612