Effetto della gestione del vigneto sulle proprietà chimico-fisiche e microbiologiche del suolo

Choosing the soil where to plant a new vineyarf is often a decision with a few options. Knowing how to make the most of the soil, by different agronomic methods, is important in order to maximize production and give quality result. Frequently we don't consider that these methods tend to consume the ground and in long periods of time finish. We consider less that the soil isn't only a substrate for Vitis vinifera, but is the the habitat of many microbiological communities which are the key for biogeochemestries cycles which together with agroecosystem form a very delicate symbiotic relationship. Understanding how the agronomic management affects the pedological and microbiological characteristics assumes is very important, if we understand that starting from this balance depends on the fertility of the soil, the cycle of the elements and therefore the quality of the finished product. The aim of this thesis is to estimate the affects of three different agronomic methods in 2011(Permanent grassing, Green manure, Use of chemical herbicide) provided on chemical, physical, chemical-physical and microbiological characteristics of two soils (Alfisol and Entisol) used for vine cultivation ; the effects have also been evaluated in a longer period of time (1994-2011) of Permanent grassing and of Green manure on the chemical and phisycal characteristics of Entisol. After a section where I describe the characteristics of the soil, considered the agronomic management, adaphic bacteria and soil biodiversity, I delineated the position and the characteristics of the experimental area, soil management during testing and conducted analyzes. Results show in 2011 important differences in the chemical-physical characteristics due to the agronomic method adopted and the time of sampling. Permanent grassing shows how it is the best method for soil management. This is also verified in the of period (1994-2011), Permanent grassing shows how it is efficient to limit the erosion of the soil. We don't notice diversity in terms of activity and abundance of bacteria: probably the small number of processes and herbicides doesn't allow us to see many differences. The analysis of biodiversity shows a lower biodiversity due to a strict selection caused by the impact of monoculture and the treatments applied to it. The statistics show interesting connections between epaphic bacteria and the status of the combinations of soil. In conclusion, the three thesis show in both the soils a strong effect on the characteristics of the soil, mainly regarding the status of the combinations and the strength to erosion. Regarding adaphic bacteria, if we want to find significant differences of activity and wealth we should repeat the testing bringing to extreme the Green manure and the use of chemical herbicide working and treating the soil more times during the year. It is interesting and notable for new researches the study of the activity, biodiversity, and the dynamics of formation of aggregates. Studies concerning these issues are particulary poor regarding the cultivation of vine.