L'ansia pre-operatoria: il contributo infermieristico nella rilevazione e nella gestione

Preoperative anxiety is described as a state of anxiety and patient's tension, secondary to disease, hospitalization, surgery. This condition is present in most of patients who undergoing surgery. Assess and treat anxiety, as early as the pre- operatively, with appropriate tools and methods, it is useful for patients who undergo the surgical experience, particularly in the post-operative period, where the risk of complications is higher (nausea, vomiting and pain). The aim of the thesis is to provide, through the bibliographical research, methods of preoperative anxiety detection, assessment scales and non-pharmacological interventions to reduce it, to be implemented by nurses, to help the patient to live a surgical path serene. The research was conducted using the EBSCOhost platform CINAHL, by entering keywords anxiety, pre-operative care, preoperative care, nursing care, nursing intervention. The Boolean operators used are and/or. Were excluded from the research articles in pediatrics, those relating to purely medical anxiety reduction techniques, studies on anxiety pre-diagnostic tests and articles devoid of abstract. It was also consulted nursing and psychiatric texts to get knowledge about the anxiety and related nursing care criteria. Analysis of the rating scales are the most used literature V.A.S. scale for anxiety and S.T.A.I. questionnaire, which involves collaboration with psychologists for administration. The most widely used non-pharmacological methods appear to be listening to music, touch-contact, and the patient information / education through pre-operative nursing visit. In conclusion it was found that listening to music and the touch-contact methods can be effective no pharmacological and feasible easily by nurses, because with no cost and non-invasive. The information/education to the patient, through the nursing visit, turns out to be an effective intervention in reducing preoperative anxiety. All the above actions require the creation of an implementation plan well structured, often not present in the health context of our country.