Anisotropie negli elettroni e positroni cosmici

Physics of lepton cosmic ray has entered in the last years an unprecedented precision era. Due to still large model uncertainties, current experimental data on the electron and positron fluxes on the top of Earth atmosphere, included the peculiar positron fraction data, can be interpreted both as a contribution of astrophysical sources like Pulsars and Supernova Remnants or as an indirect signal of dark matter annihilation in the Galactic halo and its substructures. Despite these theoretical uncertainties, due mainly to lepton propagation in the Galaxy, to astrophysical production mechanisms and to dark matter proprieties, experimental data points to a few nearby sources of leptons cosmic rays. A dipole anisotropy measurement may help to distinguish between dark matter and astrophysical origin of the signal. In particular, at sufficiently high energies a small dipole anisotropy should be present in the direction of dominant nearby source(s). In this thesis we compute expected positron and electron fluxes from dark matter annihilation in the Galactic halo, from a near dark matter substructure and from astrophysical sources identified as possible contributors of the lepton budget. We then compute the expected dipole anisotropy from a dark matter substructure in the Galactic halo and from nearby Pulsars and Supernova Remnants. Our aim is to compare and analyze the level of ambiguity between the two. We also compare our results with experimental lepton flux data and dipole anisotropy upper limits published by Fermi-LAT and AMS-02 experiments, investigating possible constraints to the source parameters.