Prove sperimentali di ripristino ambientale nel parco naturale del ticino piemontese

In 2010 the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Studies of Turin and the Natural Park of Ticino Valley of Piedmont started a technical-scientific cooperation with several targets: the first aim was to obtain arboreal multiform presences composed by broad leaved autochthonous species considered suitable for the main features of the research station area subjected to environmental rehabilitation. At the same time there have been an action aimed to reform the environment and the original landscape. The other centre of attention was to conserve and to develop the biodiversity in order to respect the number and variety of organisms found within this specific areas also limiting mechanized farming procedures. Special attention was given to soils and waters and to protection and safeguard of agro-forestry resources, monitoring the environmental quality. Querco Carpineti of low plane have been taken into consideration while focussing on the above-mentioned targets: their distribution can be described as broad, extensive and fragmented and we easily can find Querco Carpineti only in residual plain woods areas, in protected regions as, for example, the Mandria Park, The Po Park and the Ticino Park, along water courses. Querco Carpineti are characterized by the presence of Farnia and/or Carpino Bianco with other autochthonous broad leaved species as the Frassino Maggiore, Ciliegio, Castagno e Rovere. Our research station is situated within the municipality of Romentino (Novara) and it shows an Entisuolo plain ground with strong limitations due to gravel. In fact our intervention plans to process the soil with an only cutting up procedure. The spatial collocation of nucleus was realized thanks to a graphical software in order to minimize the interferences between the different repetitions of the procedure. The first thesis, called TETRA THESIS is based on the use of an only main plant associated to three additional plants. The three additional plants are equidistant and they are all collocated to a distance of 1 metre from the main plant. The base of the triangle formed by the additional plants will be exposed to South in order to avoid sunburn of the main plant. The second thesis is called BINELLO THESIS or ¿of the double main plant¿ and it consists of placing two plants of the same species. The distance between them will be of 1 mt. Everyone of them is matched with two additional species. We also did the NULLA THESIS which is based on the presence of an only main plant and we used it to compare the two previous methods. Concerning the sowing method, it will be based on the dispersal of a mix of seeds of arboreal and herbaceous different species. They will be unavoidably interspersed randomly on the soil as if it was a natural scatter. Preliminary results shown a high death rate of Carpino Bianco and the reasons of this weakness are presumable and supposable: high soil permeability, an error in the procedure or the non optimal state of health of young plants or even the climatic unfavourable conditions can be a cause of high death rate of Carpino Bianco. From a observational point of view, in order to evaluate the development of the plants used in this procedure in a shot-medium term, a periodical monitoring can be started. Positive aspects of our intervention are incontrovertibly various: the landscapes evolves progressively and gradually towards a more natural aspect. Besides, this intervention facilitated the introduction of autochthonous species in this area and the integration of the species of the neighbouring areas. The choice of less regular and more natural-shaped structures brought to a strong reduction of human inputs and of mechanized productions. If this environmental restoration will be successful, this can be considered a significant progress in modern techniques which are currently used.