Negli ultimi 30 anni, abbiamo assistito a una trasformazione della guerra in una forma irregolare, caratterizzata principalmente dall’aumento e dalla partecipazione di attori non statali che hanno costantemente dimostrato la loro capacità di innovare, adattarsi e utilizzare le tecnologie emergenti. Le armi biologiche e chimiche dovrebbero essere considerate come tecnologie emergenti perché sono in continua evoluzione e con maggiori potenzialità. Questa situazione ha quindi evidenziato la preoccupazione per ulteriori scenari terroristici che coinvolgono questo tipo di armi. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è di offrire diverse prospettive per rispondere in modo razionale alla seguente domanda: è fattibile la minaccia di terrorismo biologico e chimico da parte di attori non statali? Analizzando studi di casi storici e scenari realistici, l'elaborato sottolinea i significativi impatti sulla salute, sull'economia e sulla psicologia di queste minacce e mette in evidenza la necessità di conoscenze teoriche e competenze pratiche. Inoltre, viene presentata la natura nascosta delle armi biologiche e chimiche per meglio analizzare la probabilità del loro utilizzo da parte di attori non statali. Infine, la tesi sottolinea che affrontare questa minaccia richiede una strategia di biodifesa completa, che incorpori sia misure preventive che curative per mitigare i rischi posti dal terrorismo biologico e chimico.
In the last 30 years, we have witnessed a transformation of warfare into an irregular form, mainly characterized by the proliferation and participation of non-state actors who have consistently demonstrated their ability to innovate, adapt, and use emerging technologies. We should consider biological and chemical weapons as emerging technologies because they are constantly evolving towards an increased and empowered landscape. Thus, this situation has highlighted the concern for further terrorist scenarios involving these weapons. The goal of this thesis is to offer different perspectives to rationally answer the following question: is the biological and chemical terrorism threat by non-state actors feasible? By analysing historical case studies and potential realistic scenarios, the essay underlines the significant health, economic, and psychological impacts of these threats and emphasizes the necessity of theoretical knowledge and practical expertise. Moreover, the hidden nature of both biological and chemical weapons is presented to better dissect the probability of use by non-state actors. Finally, the thesis highlights that addressing this threat requires a comprehensive biodefense strategy, incorporating both preventive and curative measures to mitigate the risks posed by biological and chemical terrorism.
Analysis of Biological and Chemical Terrorism Threat by Non-State Actors: from Biology to Strategy
ZANIN VENTURINI, DILETTA ISABELLA
2023/2024
Abstract
In the last 30 years, we have witnessed a transformation of warfare into an irregular form, mainly characterized by the proliferation and participation of non-state actors who have consistently demonstrated their ability to innovate, adapt, and use emerging technologies. We should consider biological and chemical weapons as emerging technologies because they are constantly evolving towards an increased and empowered landscape. Thus, this situation has highlighted the concern for further terrorist scenarios involving these weapons. The goal of this thesis is to offer different perspectives to rationally answer the following question: is the biological and chemical terrorism threat by non-state actors feasible? By analysing historical case studies and potential realistic scenarios, the essay underlines the significant health, economic, and psychological impacts of these threats and emphasizes the necessity of theoretical knowledge and practical expertise. Moreover, the hidden nature of both biological and chemical weapons is presented to better dissect the probability of use by non-state actors. Finally, the thesis highlights that addressing this threat requires a comprehensive biodefense strategy, incorporating both preventive and curative measures to mitigate the risks posed by biological and chemical terrorism.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14240/111357